Difference between revisions of "Powertrain"
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In a [[vehicle]], the term '''drivetrain''' or '''powertrain''' refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air. This includes the [[internal combustion engine|engine]], [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]], [[driveshaft]]s, [[differential (mechanics)|differential]]s, and the final drive ([[drive wheel]]s, [[caterpillar track]], [[propeller]], etc.). Sometimes "powertrain" is used to refer to simply the engine and transmission, including the other components only if they are integral to the transmission. | In a [[vehicle]], the term '''drivetrain''' or '''powertrain''' refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air. This includes the [[internal combustion engine|engine]], [[transmission (mechanics)|transmission]], [[driveshaft]]s, [[differential (mechanics)|differential]]s, and the final drive ([[drive wheel]]s, [[caterpillar track]], [[propeller]], etc.). Sometimes "powertrain" is used to refer to simply the engine and transmission, including the other components only if they are integral to the transmission. | ||
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== Broader definition == | == Broader definition == | ||
| − | In a wider sense, the powertrain includes all components to transform chemical, physical or nuclear energy into secondary energy and deliver it to the interface to the outer world for propulsion purposes. This includes the utilisation of multiple power sources and | + | In a wider sense, the powertrain includes all components to transform chemical, physical or nuclear energy into secondary energy and deliver it to the interface to the outer world for propulsion purposes. This includes the utilisation of multiple power sources and non–wheel-based vehicles. |
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== Developments == | == Developments == | ||
Powertrain development for [[diesel engine]]s involves the following trends: [[modular injection]], | Powertrain development for [[diesel engine]]s involves the following trends: [[modular injection]], | ||
| − | [[electronic valve control]] (EVC), low pressure [[exhaust gas recirculation]] (EGR), and advanced combustion. [[Spark ignition]] technology has focused on de-throttling (in part load where the low efficiency of [[Otto engine]]s is defined) and downsizing (lower displacement, EVC). | + | [[electronic valve control]] (EVC), low pressure [[exhaust gas recirculation]] (EGR), and advanced combustion. [[Spark ignition]] technology has focused on de-throttling (in part load where the low efficiency of [[Otto engine]]s is defined) and downsizing (lower displacement, EVC). |
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| − | Attention to new fuel qualities (no [[sulphur]] and [[aromate]]s) allow new combustion concepts. These promise to combine clean combustion with high efficiency. So-called "combined combustion systems" (CCV) ([[Volkswagen]], [[2003]]) or "diesotto" cycles ([[Mercedes-Benz]]) are based on synthetic fuels (synthetic diesel, [[biomass to liquid]] (BTL) or [[gas to liquid]] (GTL)). | + | Attention to new fuel qualities (no [[sulphur]] and [[aromate]]s) allow new combustion concepts. These promise to combine clean combustion with high efficiency. So-called "combined combustion systems" (CCV) ([[Volkswagen]], [[2003]]) or "diesotto" cycles ([[Mercedes-Benz]]) are based on synthetic fuels (synthetic diesel, [[biomass to liquid]] (BTL) or [[gas to liquid]] (GTL)). |
The '''energy management''' inside the powertrain decoupling energy transformation and propulsion demand is in its infancy, especially in Europe. If acceleration is adapted automatically to follow minimal energy consumption and minimal environmental pollution, performance may suffer. The motor vehicle industry doubts that customers may adopt vehicles in which acceleration responsiveness is reduced. This type of riding has been called "de-emotionalization". | The '''energy management''' inside the powertrain decoupling energy transformation and propulsion demand is in its infancy, especially in Europe. If acceleration is adapted automatically to follow minimal energy consumption and minimal environmental pollution, performance may suffer. The motor vehicle industry doubts that customers may adopt vehicles in which acceleration responsiveness is reduced. This type of riding has been called "de-emotionalization". | ||
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The manufacturing of powertrain components and systems is a key factor in the competitive position of companies in the automotive and other (truck, motorcycle, tractor, construction equipment…) vehicle industrial sectors. Global economic and environmental factors have led to the requirement to engineer and produce powertrain system that are more economical to manufacture, higher in product quality and reliability, higher in performance, more fuel efficient, less polluting, and longer in life expectancy. In turn these trends have led to designs that involve higher internal pressures, are subject to greater instantaneous forces, and are more complex in their design and mechanical operation. The resulting advanced powertrain designs in turn impose significantly more severe requirements on the shape, [[flatness]], [[waviness]], [[roughness]], and [[porosity]],of powertrain subsystems, as well as limitations on the allowed presence of potential defects in the surfaces and other dimensional characteristics of the system components and assemblies. In addition to improved materials and material forming methods, these requirements have led to advanced metrology technology that more thoroughly and accurately measures and enables improved control of all of the steps in powertrain manufacturing processes. | The manufacturing of powertrain components and systems is a key factor in the competitive position of companies in the automotive and other (truck, motorcycle, tractor, construction equipment…) vehicle industrial sectors. Global economic and environmental factors have led to the requirement to engineer and produce powertrain system that are more economical to manufacture, higher in product quality and reliability, higher in performance, more fuel efficient, less polluting, and longer in life expectancy. In turn these trends have led to designs that involve higher internal pressures, are subject to greater instantaneous forces, and are more complex in their design and mechanical operation. The resulting advanced powertrain designs in turn impose significantly more severe requirements on the shape, [[flatness]], [[waviness]], [[roughness]], and [[porosity]],of powertrain subsystems, as well as limitations on the allowed presence of potential defects in the surfaces and other dimensional characteristics of the system components and assemblies. In addition to improved materials and material forming methods, these requirements have led to advanced metrology technology that more thoroughly and accurately measures and enables improved control of all of the steps in powertrain manufacturing processes. | ||
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| + | == Frames and powertrains == | ||
| + | The '''frame''' plus the "[[running gear]]" ([[powertrain]]) makes the [[chassis]]. | ||
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| + | Later, a body (sometimes referred to as "[[coachwork]]"), which is usually not necessary for integrity of the structure, is built on the chassis to complete the [[vehicle]]. Commercial vehicle manufacturers may have “chassis only” and “cowl and chassis” versions that can be outfitted with specialized bodies. These include [[motor home]]s, [[fire engine]]s , [[ambulance]]s, etc. | ||
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| + | The frame plus the body makes a [[Glider (disambiguation)|glider]] (a vehicle without a [[drivetrain]]). | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | * [[Car safety]] | ||
| + | * [[Electric vehicle conversion]] | ||
| + | * [[Frame (vehicle)]] | ||
* [[Gear train]] | * [[Gear train]] | ||
| + | * [[Hybrid vehicle drivetrain]] | ||
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| + | == External links == | ||
| + | * [http://www.autonews.com/files/07_ane_ptc/ New powertrain technologies conference, 27 and 28- March-2007]. | ||
| + | * http://www.caradvice.com.au/105/car-frame-chassis/ | ||
| + | * [http://www.sportcompactcarweb.com/motorsports/0507_scc_british_american_racing_formula_one_honda_shop/photo_10.html Honda F1 Race Car Frame]. | ||
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| + | {{Automobile configurations}} | ||
[[Category:Automotive technologies]] | [[Category:Automotive technologies]] | ||
[[Category:Manufacturing]] | [[Category:Manufacturing]] | ||
[[Category:Metrology]] | [[Category:Metrology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 07:03, 8 October 2009
In a vehicle, the term drivetrain or powertrain refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air. This includes the engine, transmission, driveshafts, differentials, and the final drive (drive wheels, caterpillar track, propeller, etc.). Sometimes "powertrain" is used to refer to simply the engine and transmission, including the other components only if they are integral to the transmission.
A vehicle's driveline consists of the parts of the drivetrain excluding the engine and transmission. It is the portion of a vehicle, after the transmission, that changes depending on whether a vehicle is front wheel drive, four wheel drive, or rear wheel drive.
Broader definition
In a wider sense, the powertrain includes all components to transform chemical, physical or nuclear energy into secondary energy and deliver it to the interface to the outer world for propulsion purposes. This includes the utilisation of multiple power sources and non–wheel-based vehicles.
Developments
Powertrain development for diesel engines involves the following trends: modular injection, electronic valve control (EVC), low pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and advanced combustion. Spark ignition technology has focused on de-throttling (in part load where the low efficiency of Otto engines is defined) and downsizing (lower displacement, EVC).
Attention to new fuel qualities (no sulphur and aromates) allow new combustion concepts. These promise to combine clean combustion with high efficiency. So-called "combined combustion systems" (CCV) (Volkswagen, 2003) or "diesotto" cycles (Mercedes-Benz) are based on synthetic fuels (synthetic diesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL)).
The energy management inside the powertrain decoupling energy transformation and propulsion demand is in its infancy, especially in Europe. If acceleration is adapted automatically to follow minimal energy consumption and minimal environmental pollution, performance may suffer. The motor vehicle industry doubts that customers may adopt vehicles in which acceleration responsiveness is reduced. This type of riding has been called "de-emotionalization".
Manufacturing
The manufacturing of powertrain components and systems is a key factor in the competitive position of companies in the automotive and other (truck, motorcycle, tractor, construction equipment…) vehicle industrial sectors. Global economic and environmental factors have led to the requirement to engineer and produce powertrain system that are more economical to manufacture, higher in product quality and reliability, higher in performance, more fuel efficient, less polluting, and longer in life expectancy. In turn these trends have led to designs that involve higher internal pressures, are subject to greater instantaneous forces, and are more complex in their design and mechanical operation. The resulting advanced powertrain designs in turn impose significantly more severe requirements on the shape, flatness, waviness, roughness, and porosity,of powertrain subsystems, as well as limitations on the allowed presence of potential defects in the surfaces and other dimensional characteristics of the system components and assemblies. In addition to improved materials and material forming methods, these requirements have led to advanced metrology technology that more thoroughly and accurately measures and enables improved control of all of the steps in powertrain manufacturing processes.
Frames and powertrains
The frame plus the "running gear" (powertrain) makes the chassis.
Later, a body (sometimes referred to as "coachwork"), which is usually not necessary for integrity of the structure, is built on the chassis to complete the vehicle. Commercial vehicle manufacturers may have “chassis only” and “cowl and chassis” versions that can be outfitted with specialized bodies. These include motor homes, fire engines , ambulances, etc.
The frame plus the body makes a glider (a vehicle without a drivetrain).
See also
External links
- New powertrain technologies conference, 27 and 28- March-2007.
- http://www.caradvice.com.au/105/car-frame-chassis/
- Honda F1 Race Car Frame.